### 1. Statutory Foundations & Relationship Prerequisites
| Attribute | Domestic Violence Restraining Order (DVRO) | Civil Harassment Restraining Order (CHRO) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Governing Statute** | California Family Code § 6200 et seq. | California Code of Civil Procedure § 527.6 |
| **Required Relationship** | Spouses, former spouses, cohabitants, dating/engagement partners, or parents of a shared child. | Neighbors, roommates, acquaintances, co-workers, or non-intimate relatives. |
| **Burden of Proof** | **Preponderance of the Evidence** (>50% probability under Family Code § 6300). | **Clear and Convincing Evidence** (High probability standard under CCP § 527.6(i)). |
### 2. Evidentiary Standards & 'Coercive Control'
Under the **Domestic Violence Prevention Act (DVPA)** amended by California SB 1141, 'abuse' is not limited to physical violence. It includes disturbing the peace through **coercive control** (unreasonable tracking, financial deprivation, or threatening immigration status).
### 3. CLETS & Mandatory Firearms Prohibitions
If a permanent order (up to 5 years under DVRO or 3–5 years under CHRO) is granted after a contested evidentiary hearing:
1. **CLETS Database Entry**: The order is immediately registered in California’s Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (CLETS).
2. **Mandatory Gun Ban**: Under California Penal Code § 29825 and 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), the restrained person is strictly prohibited from purchasing, owning, or possessing any firearms or ammunition. Violation is a felony offense.